Navigating Challenges and Forging a New Path, Uniting Hearts and Minds to Compose a Magnificent Chapter

Navigating Challenges and Forging a New Path, Uniting Hearts and Minds to Compose a Magnificent Chapter

—Series Report I on Achievements in Economic and Social Development during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

Website of the National Bureau of Statistics, June 2, 2026

The 14th Five-Year Plan period was the first five years in embarking on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way and striving towards the Second Centenary Goal, a period of extraordinary and remarkable development. Facing complex and challenging international situations as well as formidable domestic tasks of reform, development, and stability, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core united and led the entire Party and people of all ethnic groups across the country in tackling difficulties head-on and forging ahead with determination. We withstood the severe impact of the century’s pandemic, effectively responded to a series of major risks and challenges, achieved new significant accomplishments in the cause of the Party and the country, elevated China’s economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, and comprehensive national power to new heights, took new solid strides on the Chinese path to modernization, and achieved a good start on the new journey towards the Second Centenary Goal.

I. The Further Improvement of Comprehensive National Power and the Continuous Enhancement of Development Resilience and Vitality

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China adhered to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, focused on the primary task of high-quality development, resolutely managed its own affairs well, stabilized the economic foundation and strengthened the development groundwork amidst the winds and waves of profound global changes, drove the economic aggregate to break through successive thresholds, significantly enhanced comprehensive national power, and further increased international influence.

(I) Continuous Leaps in Economic Aggregate

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) achieved “four consecutive leaps,” successively surpassing new thresholds of RMB 110 trillion, 120 trillion, 130 trillion, and 140 trillion. The cumulative increase exceeded RMB 36 trillion, equivalent to the annual economic aggregate of the world’s third-largest economy. In 2025, China’s economic aggregate reached RMB 140.2 trillion, approaching the combined total of the world’s third-to seventh-largest economies. In terms of growth rate, during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s economy grew at an average annual rate of 5.4%, significantly higher than the global average of around 3.7%, ranking among the top of the world’s major economies. Against the backdrop of overall pressure on global economic growth, it was highly remarkable for China, as an ultra-large-scale economy, to achieve such development results, fully demonstrating the strong resilience and surging vitality of the Chinese economy.

(II) Significant Improvement of Per Capita Development Level

While the economic scale continued to expand, the per capita development level also steadily ascended. Per capita GDP rose from USD 10,632 in 2020 to 13,953 in 2025, exceeding USD 13,000 for three consecutive years. The development model continuously shifted towards efficiency-driven and innovation-driven growth, with workers’ output efficiency consistently improving. The overall labor productivity (calculated at 2020 prices) increased from RMB 138,000 per person to RMB 184,000 per person, with an average annual growth rate of 6.0%, 0.6 percentage points faster than the economic growth rate during the same period. Residents’ health levels and overall quality steadily improved. By 2025, the average life expectancy increased to 79.25 years, and the average years of education for the population aged 16-59 rose to 11.3 years.

(III) Further Improvement of International Influence

In 2025, China’s economic aggregate, converted at the annual average exchange rate, was approximately USD 19.6 trillion, accounting for about one-sixth of the global total, firmly maintaining its position as the world’s second-largest economy. From 2021 to 2025, China’s average annual contribution to world economic growth remained around 30%, making it the world’s largest “contributor” and the strongest “anchor of stability” for global economic growth. Facing the complex situation of headwinds in world economic growth and counter-currents in globalization, China consistently adhered to expanding openness and cooperation, continuously injecting certainty and providing new opportunities into the world economy through its own new development. In 2025, China’s goods import volume reached RMB 18.5 trillion, becoming the world’s second-largest import market for the 17th consecutive year.

II. The Accelerated Establishment of a Modern Industrial System with Innovation-Driven Development as a New Engine

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China upheld innovation as the core position in the overall modernization drive, practically promoted greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology, drove new quality productive forces to take solid root, accelerated the construction of a modern industrial system, and continuously injected new momentum into high-quality development.

(I) The Significant Improvement of Scientific and Technological Innovation Capability

China’s gross domestic expenditures on R&D repeatedly reached new highs. In 2025, the total gross domestic expenditures on R&D exceeded RMB 3.9 trillion, firmly maintaining the world’s second-highest position. The intensity of R&D investment increased from 2.36% in 2020 to 2.80% in 2025, surpassing the average level of member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for the first time. In 2025, China’s ranking in the Global Innovation Index rose to 10th place for the first time, an improvement of 4 places from 2020, with the number of top 100 innovation clusters ranking first globally. Its pace of achieving self-reliance and strength in science and technology was accelerated. Major national achievements such as those in “space and deep-sea exploration” frequently made appearances: the “Chang’e” lunar landing, the “Tianhe” space station in orbit, the “BeiDou” satellite network completion, the C919 large passenger aircraft entering commercial service, and the “Adora Magic City” large cruise ship built and operational. Frontier fields like artificial intelligence, quantum communication, and high-end chips yielded abundant innovative fruits. The low-altitude economy “soared high,” and embodied intelligence demonstrated “agile thinking and skillful action.” China is striding forward from a global manufacturing center towards a global innovation center.

(II) Important Progress Made in Agricultural Modernization

Solid strides were taken in building a strong agricultural nation. The overall level of agricultural scientific and technological innovation entered the world’s first tier, with comprehensive production capacity, quality, and efficiency significantly improved. By the end of 2025, over 1 billion mu (1 mu ≈ 666.7 m²) of high-standard farmland had been cumulatively built nationwide. The comprehensive mechanization rate for crop cultivation, planting, and harvesting reached 76.7%, and the coverage rate of improved crop varieties exceeded 96%. The contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress exceeded 64%, an increase of over 3 percentage points from the end of 2020. China became the country with the largest stock of agricultural drones, with an annual operational area surpassing 460 million mu. “High technology” taking root in the land has become a “new farming tool” that saves labor and increases income.

(III) Further Advancement of New-Type Industrialization

The cultivation of emerging industries and the transformation of traditional industries progressed in synergy, with industrial development accumulating momentum for a leap. From 2021 to 2025, the value added of equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing enterprises above designated size grew at average annual rates of 8.4% and 9.2%, respectively. China has cumulatively fostered over 60 national advanced manufacturing clusters in emerging industry fields. Digital and intelligent technologies deeply integrated into core production and manufacturing links. By the end of 2025, nearly 90% of industrial enterprises above designated size had undergone digital transformation, and the numerical control rate of key processes in key industry enterprises had reached 68.6%. The digital economy has been deeply integrated with traditional industries, becoming an important force driving the development of new-type industrialization. The value added of core digital economy industries accounted for over 10.5% of GDP.

(IV) Enhancement of Capacity and Quality of Development of the Service Industry

The service industry scale steadily expanded, its structure was continuously optimized, and the supply of high-end, quality services became increasingly abundant. From 2021 to 2025, the value added of the service industry achieved an average annual real growth rate of 5.8%, 0.4 percentage points faster than the average annual GDP growth rate. Modern service industries have developed favorably. The value added of modern service industries such as information transmission, software and information technology services, and leasing and business services grew at average annual rates of 13.1% and 10.7%, respectively. New business forms and models like online retail and telemedicine developed rapidly, and new growth drivers in the service industry grew stronger. In 2025, e-commerce transaction volume reached RMB 46.7 trillion, an increase of 29.1% compared to 2020.

(V) Modern Infrastructure Construction Accelerated

A comprehensive transportation system paved broad roads for smooth external connections and internal linkages, while the new-type information infrastructure became a strategic engine for national digital transformation. By the end of 2025, China had 4.84 million 5G base stations, more than 5 times the number in 2020. The first phase of 6G technology trials was successfully completed, and the scale of intelligent computing power ranked among the world’s top. The completion rate of the main framework of the national comprehensive multi-dimensional transportation network exceeded 90%, with the world’s largest high-speed railway network, expressway network, and postal and express delivery network continuously extending. By the end of 2025, the operating mileage of high-speed railways exceeded 50,000 kilometers, an increase of 32.98% from the end of 2020. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, express delivery business volume achieved a leap from the 10-billion-yuan level to the 100-billion-yuan level.

III. New Advantages Fostered in a New Development Pattern to Effectively Secure Development Initiative

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China accurately grasped the task of fostering a new development pattern from a strategic height, accelerated the building of a strong domestic market, intensified efforts to transform from a top trader to a trader of quality, promoted positive interplay between domestic and international circulations, secured the initiative for future development by making preemptive moves, and promoted new development through the new pattern.

(I) The Consolidated Dominance of Domestic Circulation

China firmly implemented the strategy of expanding domestic demand and deeply tapped the potential of the ultra-large-scale market, and the role of domestic demand as the primary driving force became more prominent. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the average contribution rate of domestic demand to economic growth was 83.0%, of which the average contribution rate of final consumption expenditure was 58.8%, an increase of 10.0 percentage points from the 13th Five-Year Plan period and 34.6 percentage points higher than the average contribution rate of gross capital formation. The key role of investment in optimizing the supply structure continued to play out. From 2021 to 2025, investment in high-tech industries grew at an average annual rate of 9.9%, significantly faster than the overall investment growth rate. The building of a unified national market accelerated with smoother and more efficient factor flows. The ratio of total social logistics costs to GDP decreased from 14.7% in 2020 to 13.9% in 2025.

(II) Gradual Optimization of the Spatial Layout of Domestic Circulation

Adhering to the concept of coordinated national planning, we systematically advanced the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and regions, achieving positive results in new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization. By the end of 2025, the urbanization rate of the permanent resident population had reached 67.89%, an increase of 4.00 percentage points compared to the end of 2020. The ratio of per capita disposable income between urban and rural residents narrowed from 2.56 in 2020 to 2.31 in 2025. The per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-alleviated counties increased from RMB 13,000 to RMB 19,000, with an average annual real growth rate of 7.5% after deducting price factors. The regional economic layout was further optimized. By 2025, the combined share of regional GDP of Central and West China in the national total rose to 42.9%. The leading and driving roles of the three major economic growth poles—the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area—continued to strengthen.

(III) Steady Enhancement of the Dual Circulation of Domestic and International Markets

China has deeply participated in the international division of labor and cooperation, actively integrating into the international circulation. The scale of imports and exports of goods increased from RMB 32.2 trillion in 2020 to RMB 45.5 trillion in 2025, with an average annual growth of 7.1%, solidifying China’s position as the world’s largest trader in goods. The scale of trade in services has consistently ranked second globally. In 2024, it surpassed the USD 1 trillion mark for the first time, with “travel to China” and “shopping in China” continuing to gain popularity and travel services experiencing rapid growth. Export products have become better aligned with international demand. China has become a “key link” in stabilizing global industrial and supply chains. In recent years, China’s trade in intermediate goods has sustained relatively rapid growth, providing strong support for global industrial cooperation.

IV. New Achievements in Green and Low-Carbon Transition, Unfolding the Scroll of Beautiful China

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China deeply practiced the concept of ecological civilization, coordinated efforts to reduce carbon emissions, cut pollution, expand green areas, and promote growth, and accelerated the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. The new scroll of Beautiful China, with bluer skies, greener mountains, and clearer waters, is gradually unfolding, and the green foundation for high-quality development has become increasingly vibrant.

(I) Significant Results in Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction

Energy conservation is one of the most direct, effective, and economical means of carbon reduction. From 2021 to 2025, after deducting energy used as raw materials and non-fossil energy consumption, China’s energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased cumulatively by over 16%, making China one of the countries with the fastest decline in energy intensity globally. China has built the world’s largest and fastest-growing renewable energy system. The share of non-fossil energy consumption in total energy consumption increased from 16.0% in 2020 to 21.7% in 2025. Nearly 4 out of every 10 kilowatt-hours of electricity consumed by the whole society came from green power, with more energy from “wind,” “sun,” and “water” being converted into green energy for development.

(II) Accelerated Cultivation and Expansion of Green Productivity

Green industries have flourished, and the economic benefits of green development have become increasingly prominent. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the output value of national green factories as a share of the total manufacturing output value increased from 9% to 22%. In 2025, the production of new energy vehicles grew 10.3 times compared to 2020, with production and sales ranking first globally for 11 consecutive years. From 2021 to 2025, the output of green products such as solar cells, wind turbine generators, and bio-based chemical fibers by enterprises above designated size grew at average annual rates of 39.6%, 31.3%, and 74.2%, respectively. “Green products” have become a “new hallmark” of foreign trade development. In 2025, China’s exports of the “new trio”—electric vehicles, lithium batteries, and photovoltaic products—increased 3.5 times compared to 2020.

(III) Continuous Improvement in Ecological and Environmental Quality

The battle against pollution has been continuously advanced, with environmental quality steadily improving. Since the launch of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the proportion of days with good air quality in cities at the prefectural level and above nationwide has remained generally stable at around 87%. In 2025, the proportion of surface water sections with good water quality rose to 91.4%. The main streams of the Yangtze River and Yellow River achieved Class II water quality standards along their entire lengths, making the vision of a clear river flowing eastward a reality. The protection and restoration of ecosystems have been continuously strengthened. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, a cumulative total of 549 million mu (1 mu ≈ 666.7 m²) of land was afforested. Currently, the forest coverage rate exceeds 25%, an increase of about 2 percentage points compared to 2020. China has contributed approximately one-quarter of the world’s new green area, becoming the country with the largest and fastest “greening” in the world.

V. New Strides in Reform and Opening Up with Further Strengthening of Endogenous Development Momentum

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China, from a new historical starting point, comprehensively deepened reform with efforts across the board, achieving breakthroughs in multiple areas and advancing in depth. We adhered to opening up on a larger scale, in broader areas, and at a deeper level, achieving significant results in promoting development, enhancing vitality, and strengthening momentum.

(I) Progress in Both Breadth and Depth of Comprehensively Deepening Reform

The high-standard socialist market economy system has been continuously improved, with the fundamental institutional rules of the market economy being constantly refined. The negative list for market access was reduced from 123 items in the 2020 version to 106 items in the 2025 version. The business environment has been continuously optimized, and fundamental market systems such as property rights protection, market access, fair competition, and social credit have been further improved. The Private Sector Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China was promulgated and implemented, the reform of state-owned assets and enterprises was deepened, and the vitality of market entities was unleashed. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, private enterprises accounted for over 92% of the total number of enterprises and over 92% of national high-tech enterprises. By the end of 2025, the total assets of central government-owned enterprises exceeded RMB 95 trillion. Reforms in fiscal, taxation, finance, and other fields were advanced in depth, and the macro-control institutional system was continuously improved, effectively safeguarding economic development.

(II) Accelerated Formation of a Diversified Trade Pattern

Facing a volatile external environment and a profoundly changing economic and trade landscape, China has consistently upheld the banner of globalization, actively expanding a diversified international cooperation network. Currently, China is a major trading partner for over 160 countries and regions and has signed investment cooperation memorandums with over 50 BRI participating countries. In 2025, China’s imports and exports with BRI participating countries accounted for 51.9% of its total imports and exports of goods, an increase of over 20 percentage points compared to 2020. China-Europe Railway Express’ trains reach over 230 cities in 26 European countries and over 100 cities in 11 Asian countries. A number of major landmark projects, such as the China-Laos Railway and the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway, have been completed. These “steel silk roads” traverse mountains and seas, extending cooperation spaces to farther destinations.

(III) Steady Expansion of Institutional Opening Up

Adhering to expanding independent opening up and unilateral opening up to the least developed countries, China implemented zero tariffs on 100% of tariff lines for products from all least developed countries with which it has diplomatic relations during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Unilateral visa exemption or comprehensive mutual visa exemption was granted to over 70 countries. We efficiently built better platforms for opening up. The total number of pilot free trade zones increased to 22, forming a reform, opening up, and innovation pattern covering the east, west, south, north, and center of the country. Institutional innovation achievements were accelerated in replication and promotion nationwide. The total number of national open ports reached 311, forming a multi-dimensional opening pattern of water, land, and air. We accelerated the creation of a world-class business environment. Trade and investment barriers were further lowered. By the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s overall tariff level had dropped to 7.3%, among the lowest in the world. Restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector were reduced to “zero.” From 2021 to 2025, China attracted over USD 700 billion in foreign investment.

VI. New Progress in People’s Well-Being, with Development Achievements Benefiting All People More and More Equitably

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China adhered to ensuring and improving people’s well-being in the course of development, focused on solving the pressing difficulties and worries of the people, promoted comprehensive quality improvement in social undertakings, and launched a series of tangible and accessible measures to benefit the people in key areas such as employment, education, healthcare, elderly care, and child care. Development achievements have been continuously translated into the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security.

(I) Steady Improvement in People’s Quality of Life

The employment-first strategy consolidated the foundation of people’s livelihood, and China’s overall employment remained stable. From 2021 to 2025, the year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate nationwide remained stable between 5.1% and 5.5%, with over 12 million new urban jobs created annually. Resident income growth kept pace with economic growth. The national per capita disposable income of residents increased from RMB 32,000 in 2020 to RMB 43,000 in 2025, with an average annual real growth rate of 5.4% calculated on a comparable basis. Residents’ development-oriented needs were better met, with quality of life gradually improved. In 2025, the proportion of per capita consumption expenditure on education, culture, and entertainment in the total per capita consumption expenditure of residents nationwide reached 11.8%, an increase of 2.2 percentage points compared to 2020. The number of household cars and air conditioners per 100 households reached 52.9 and 161.8, respectively, an increase of 42.6% and 37.5% compared to 2020. Over the five-year period, more than 240,000 old urban residential communities were renovated, benefiting 110 million people.

(II) Stronger Safeguards for Basic Livelihoods

The pooling level of social insurance was continuously raised, a tiered and categorized social assistance system was basically established, and a national dynamic monitoring and regular assistance mechanism for people in difficulty was preliminarily set up. Greater efforts were made to ensure people’s well-being in an around way, and the world’s largest social security network was continuously woven tighter and more secure. Since the launch of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the coverage rate of basic endowment insurance has exceeded 95%, and the coverage rate of basic medical insurance has remained stable at around 95%. The national average standard for urban and rural subsistence allowances has increased by 22.5% and 24.6%, respectively, compared to 2020, fully ensuring the basic livelihood security for people in need.

(III) Prosperity and Progress in Various Social Undertakings

Social undertakings such as education, healthcare, culture, and sports have steadily improved, with the supply of public services becoming more balanced and inclusive. Since the launch of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the popularization level of basic education in China has remained in the upper-middle ranks globally. The completion rate of nine-year compulsory education has remained stable at over 95%, and higher education has cumulatively supplied 55 million talents to society. Medical resources have become more abundant. By the end of 2025, the number of beds in national medical and health institutions and the number of health technical personnel reached 10.04 million and 13.46 million, respectively. The cultural industry has developed rapidly. In 2024, the national cultural and related industries achieved an operating income growth of 37.7% compared to 2020. Cultural “new three categories” represented by online literature, online film and television series, and online games have performed remarkably well in going global. The concept of fitness for all has gained widespread acceptance, and new progress has been made in building “Healthy China.” In 2025, the proportion of residents aged 7 and above who regularly participate in physical exercise reached 38.52%, and the per capita sports venue area reached 3.1 square meters by the end of the year.

VII. New Improvements in Coordinating Development and Security, with the Foundation for Safe Development Consolidated and Strengthened

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China has consistently prioritized both development and security, focusing on enhancing the security guarantee capabilities for food security, energy, and key industrial and supply chains, improving long-term mechanisms for preventing and defusing risks, and effectively strengthening the national economic security barrier.

(I) Strong Food Security Guarantee

By strictly protecting the red line of cultivated land and strengthening scientific and technological support, China’s comprehensive grain production capacity has steadily improved. In 2025, total grain output reached 1.43 trillion jin, maintaining the level of over 1.4 trillion jin for two consecutive years. Per capita grain availability reached 509 kilograms, far exceeding the internationally recognized food security line of 400 kilograms. The self-sufficiency rates for grains and staple grains remained above 95% and 100%, respectively. The grain reserve system and circulation guarantee have been further improved. By the end of 2025, the intact capacity of national grain standard warehouses exceeded 730 million tons, an increase of 58 million tons compared to the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan period. The number of emergency grain supply outlets increased by over 30%. The Chinese people’s rice bowls are held more firmly and steadily.

(II) Significant Enhancement in Energy Security Capacity

China has built the world’s most comprehensive and largest energy system, solidifying its position as the world’s largest energy producer. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the total primary energy production grew at an average annual real growth rate of 5%. In 2025, it exceeded 5 billion tons of standard coal for the first time, reaching 5.13 billion tons. The energy self-sufficiency rate increased from around 80% to over 84%. The construction of a new energy system has accelerated, adding new strength to energy supply security. The proportion of installed capacity for renewable energy power generation increased from 40% to around 60%, and its share in electricity generation cumulatively increased by over 12 percentage points.

(III) Continuous Enhancement of Industrial and Supply Chain Resilience

By coordinating efforts to address weaknesses and strengthen advantages, the resilience of industrial and supply chains has been enhanced. China’s advantages of a comprehensive and well-supported industrial system have become increasingly prominent. From 2021 to 2025, the value added of the manufacturing industry grew at an average annual real growth rate of 5.5%, accounting for nearly 30% of the global total. Its scale has ranked first globally for 16 consecutive years, with the output of many major industrial products leading the world. Focusing on strengthening and supplementing chains, over 140,000 specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative (SRDI) SMEs have been cultivated cumulatively. A number of landmark achievements have been made in key areas such as integrated circuits, high-end equipment, and biomedicine. The level of self-reliance and controllability in key industrial chains has improved. The share of domestic manufacturing in the total supply of electrical machinery and transportation equipment both exceeded 95%.

(IV) Gradual Resolution of Risks in Key Areas

Regarding key areas such as local government debt, finance, and real estate, efforts to prevent and defuse risks have been carried out in an orderly manner. Local government debt risks have been steadily mitigated. In 2025, despite an increase in the deficit and government bond scale, China’s government debt ratio remained relatively low, far below the average level of G20 countries. Significant progress has been made in reforming and resolving risks for small and medium-sized financial institutions. Over the past five years, the disposal of non-performing assets increased by over 40% compared to the 13th Five-Year Plan period. By the end of 2025, the number of high-risk small and medium-sized financial institutions had decreased by half from the peak. Efforts have been intensified to stabilize the real estate market. All prefecture-level and above cities have established city-level real estate financing coordination mechanisms. The “whitelist” project scope has been expanded with enhanced effectiveness, and the new model for real estate development is accelerating.

　　Five years of braving efforts have yielded five years of fruitful achievements and abundant harvests. The five years of the 14th Five-Year Plan period were years of challenging hardships with determination, years of steady and far-reaching strides on the path of the Chinese path to modernization. China’s economy withstood external pressures and overcame internal difficulties, which helped consolidate the foundation of “stability,” expand the space for “progress,” reinforce the momentum of “goodness,” and achieve fruitful outcomes in promoting high-quality development. The fundamental reason for these major achievements lies in the leadership and navigation of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Looking ahead to the 15th Five-Year Plan period, although the journey ahead will still encounter hardships, the fundamentals of China’s long-term economic growth remain unchanged. The material and technological foundation is more robust, and new advantages and drivers of growth are accelerating their formation. Facing opportunities and challenges, we must rally more closely around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, adhere to the correct direction, follow scientific concepts, carry forward the fighting spirit, grasp historical initiative, and continue to create a new chapter for the Chinese path to modernization.

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