Main Articles of Xi Jinping's On Ensuring the People Run the Country

Main Articles of Xi Jinping’s On Ensuring the People Run the Country  

Beijing, November 7 (Xinhua)—Xi Jinping’s book On Ensuring the People Run the Country, edited by the Institute of Party History and Literature of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), contains 50 major articles on ensuring the people run the country between December 4, 2012, and October 13, 2021. Its main articles are introduced as follows. 

“Speech at the Meeting of the People from All Walks of Life in Beijing to Commemorate the 30th Anniversary of the Promulgation and Implementation of the Current Constitution” is a speech made on December 4, 2012. It is pointed out that, “The Constitution is the fundamental law of the state and the general program for managing state affairs. As long as we effectively respect and implement the Constitution, there will be guarantee that the people run the country, and the Party and the state can develop smoothly. The full implementation of the Constitution is the primary task and basic work of building a socialist state under the rule of law. We should adhere to the correct political direction, unswervingly keep to the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics, and implement the basic strategy of the rule of law and accelerate the development of a socialist state under the rule of law. We must maintain the people’s dominant position in the country, and ensure that all citizens enjoy their rights and perform their duties. We should uphold the Party’s leadership, and lay greater emphasis on improving the way it exercises leadership and governance. We should bring the comprehensive implementation of the Constitution to a higher level.”

“Speech at the First Session of the 12th National People’s Congress” is a speech made on March 17, 2013. It is pointed out that, “The Chinese Dream of National Rejuvenation is to achieve national prosperity, national revitalization and people’s happiness. To realize the Chinese Dream, we must take the Chinese path, which is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics; to realize the Chinese Dream, we must carry forward the Chinese spirit, which is the national spirit of patriotism as the core and the spirit of the times with reform and innovation as the core; to realize the Chinese Dream, we must coalesce China’s strength, that is, the strength of the great unity among the people of all our ethnic groups. The Chinese Dream is in the end the dream of the people, so we must rely closely on them to realize it and we must bring them constant benefit.”

“Give Full Play to the Important Role of Our Working Class” is part of Xi Jinping’s speech made in a discussion with national model workers on April 28, 2013. It is pointed out that, “People create history and labor creates the future. To achieve our goals and create our bright future, we must rely closely on the people and always work for the people, and we must rely on hard, honest and creative labor. In the journey toward the future, we must ensure that the working class function as the main force, and rely closely on the working class to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must exalt labor, benefit workers, promote the spirit of model workers, and give full play to the role of model workers.” 

“Always Ensure That Women Are an Important Force in Promoting the Cause of the Party and the People” is the main part of a speech made during a talk with the new collective leadership of the All-China Women’s Federation on October 31, 2013. It is pointed out that, “Achieving the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the overall work of the Party and the state, and it is also the theme of the times of the contemporary Chinese women’s movement. We should firmly grasp this theme of the times and integrate the development and progress of China’s history with the promotion of gender equality more closely together, so that the development of China’s women’s cause has a richer connotation of the times and women in China shoulder a more important responsibility. We must unswervingly keep to the path of socialist women’s development with Chinese characteristics, take contacting and serving women as the lifeline of our work, focus our work on the grassroots, focus on the unique role of women in social life and family life, and give play to the unique role of women in promoting the Chinese family virtues and establishing a good family culture.”

“Implementing the Mass Line into All Activities of Governance” is part of a speech made at the ceremony commemorating the 120th anniversary of the birth of Mao Zedong on December 26, 2013. It is pointed out that, “The mass line is the lifeline and fundamental working line of our Party, and is integral for preserving our Party’s eternal youthful vitality and strength. Whether in the past, present and future, we must stay committed to doing everything for the people and relying on them and following the principle of ‘from the people, to the people.’ We should turn the correct ideas of the Party into the conscious action of the people, and implement the mass line in all the activities of governance. In adhering to the mass line, we must remain committed to the principle that the people is the fundamental force that determines our future and to the fundamental purpose of wholeheartedly serving the people. We must maintain the close ties between the Party and the people, and truly let the people to judge our work.”

“What Is Most Fundamental in Maintaining Unity between Party Leadership, the People’s Position as Runners of the Country, and Law-Based Governance, Is Upholding Party Leadership” is an excerpt from the relevant content of the workings from January 2014 to December 2018. It is pointed out that, “The Party’s leadership and the socialist rule of law are consistent, and only by adhering to the Party’s leadership can the people’s position as runners of the country be fully realized and the institutionalization of state and social life and the rule of law be advanced in an orderly manner. We should not set adhering to the Party’s leadership against the people’s position as runners of the country and the rule of law, let alone using the people’s position as runners of the country and the rule of law to shake and deny the Party’s leadership. Doing so is ideologically wrong and politically very dangerous. We must promote socialist democracy in the unity between the Party’s leadership, the people’s position as runners of the country and the rule of law, constantly strengthen the institutional guarantee of the people’s position as runners of the country, and implement people’s democracy more effectively and efficiently.” 

“Why the General Objective of Comprehensively Deepening Reform” was part of a speech made at a seminar for principal provincial and ministerial level leaders on the guiding principles from the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and on comprehensively deepening reform on February 17, 2014. It is pointed out that, “We are tasked with an important historic mission, that is to make our socialist system with Chinese characteristics more mature and better established. From the formation of a more mature and better established system, the first half of China’s socialist practice has been through. In this first half, our main historical task was to establish the basic system of socialism, and on this basis, we carried out reform. In the second half, our main historical task is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and provide a more complete, more stable and more effective system for the development of the Party and the state. This project is extremely ambitious and must be a comprehensive and systematic reform and improvement and a linkage and integration of reforms and improvements in various fields. It must have a general effect and overall achievements in modernizing the system and capacity for national governance.”

“Speech at an Ceremony Celebrating the 60th Anniversary of the Founding of the National People’s Congress” is a speech made on September 5, 2014. It is pointed out that, “The implementation of the system of people’s congresses in China is a great creation of the Chinese people in the history of human political systems, a basic conclusion drawn from a profound summary of the tragic lessons of Chinese political life since modern times, the historical result of more than 100 years of radical changes and inspiring developments in Chinese society, and the inevitable choice of the Chinese people to turn themselves into runners of the country and take control of their own destiny. To adhere to and improve the system of people’s congresses, we must unswervingly adhere to CPC leadership, ensure and develop the people’s position as runners of the country, comprehensively promote the rule of law, and adhere to democratic centralism. We must continue to make socialist democracy more institutionalized, standardized and procedure-based, and better give better play to the superiority of the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics, in order to provide a better institutional guarantee for the prosperity and long-term stability of the Party and the country.”

“Speech at a Ceremony Celebrating the 65th Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference” is a speech made on September 21, 2014. It is pointed out that, “The very purpose of the CPC’s leadership of the people in developing people’s democracy is to guarantee and support their position as runners of the country. Consultative democracy is a unique form and a distinctive strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is an important political embodiment of the Party’s mass line. Chinese socialist democracy takes two important forms: In one the people exercise their right to vote in elections, and in the other, people from all sectors of society undertake extensive deliberations before major decisions are made. In China, these two forms do not cancel one another out, and nor are they contradictory; they are complementary. They constitute institutional features and strengths of Chinese socialist democracy.”

“Keep to the Path of Socialist Rule of Law with Chinese Characteristics” is part of a speech made at the second plenary assembly of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on October 23, 2014. It is pointed out that, “China’s socialist system ensures the principal position of the people as runners of the country and guarantees that the people are the primary actors in the initiative to fully advance the country’s law-based governance. Upholding the people’s principal position means we must commit to rule of law that is for the people, dependent on the people, beneficial to the people, and there to protect the people. We must integrate the requirements of representing the people’s interests, reflecting their wishes, protecting their rights, and furthering their wellbeing into the whole process of our law-based governance, ensuring that the will of the people is embodied not just in laws themselves but also in their enforcement.”

“Speech at a Meeting Celebrating May 1st International Labor Day and Commending National Model Workers” is a speech made on April 28, 2015. It is pointed out that, “The working class represents the CPC’s strongest and most reliable class foundation. The working class and working people continue to be the fundamental force for advancing economic and social development and preserving social stability and unity in China. We must remain committed to upholding the position of the people as runners of the country, so as to fully unleash the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the working class and working people. We must develop socialist democracy in an effort to substantially guarantee and constantly further the democratic rights of the working class and working people. We must attempt to harness the unlimited creativity that lays hidden away among the working class and working people and channel their wisdom and strength into our variou causes.”

 “The Significance of the United Front Work in the New Context” is part of a speech made at the Central Conference on the United Front on May 18, 2015. It is pointed out that, “Popular support and the balance of power are the key to the success or failure of the Party and the people’s cause, which is of paramount political importance. The essence of the united front work requires great unity and alliance to solve the problem of popular support and strength. To do a good job in the United Front work in the new context, we must master the laws, adhere to the principles, and stress methods. The most fundamental thing is to adhere to the leadership of the Party. We must correctly handle the relationship between consistency and diversity; must be good at making friends and make a large number of sincere friends for the Party.”

“The Party’s Work with Social Organizations” is the gist of a speech made at the CPC Central Committee’s conference on the Party’s work with social organizations on July 6, 2015. It is pointed out that, “The Party’s work with social organizations is the mass work carried out by the Party through the social organizations, which is important work of the Party in organizing and mobilizing the people to struggle to accomplish the central tasks of the Party. We must strengthen and improve it, and give full play to the role of the working class as the main force, the role of young people as the vital force, the role of womenfolk as “half the sky”, and the role of talented individuals as the key human resource, thus fully arousing the enthusiasm of our 1.3 billion people. We must work better with social organizations for the purpose of consolidating the class foundation and popular support for the Party’s governance, and make sure that the Party always shares weal and woe with the people. We must give our help to social groups which will become more dynamic so that they can play an important role in the modernization of state governance and improvement of our capability.”

“Raise the Level of Respect and Protection of All Fundamental Rights of the Chinese People” is an excerpt of relevant content from the writings from September 2015 to December 2018. It is pointed out that, “The ultimate human right is that people can lead a happy life, and the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government have always respected and guaranteed human rights. Combining the principle of universal human rights with the reality of modern times, China remains committed to a path for human rights that accords with its prevailing conditions. Adhering to a people-centered vision, China takes the rights to subsistence and development as the primary and basic human rights, strengthens the legal protection of human rights, works for coordinated progress in economic, political, social, cultural and environmental rights, defends social fairness and justice, and promotes the right to all-round development. Human rights protection is an ongoing process. The Chinese people are willing to work with all peoples to promote a more just, reasonable and inclusive global human rights governance and jointly build a human community with a shared future.”

“Adhering to the Party’s Basic Policy on Religion and Handling Religion Well in the New Context” is the gist of a speech made at the National Conference on Religion on April 22, 2016. It is pointed out that, “Religion is, as always, one of the priorities that our Party must handle properly in governing the country. To religion properly, we must follow the Party’s basic guidelines on religion and unite believers and non-believers to the maximum extent. Under the banner of patriotism and socialism, we should form a united front with the religious community, which is the distinctive feature and political advantage of our Party in dealing with religious affairs. We must stay committed to political unity and cooperation, and mutual respect in faith. We pursue more contacts and more talks, give more help, convince people with reason and emotion, and attract people and unite with them by solving practical difficulties.”

 “The Working People in China Are the Main Force for Completing a Moderately Prosperous Society” is the main part of a speech made at the symposium of intellectuals, model workers and youths on April 26, 2016. It is pointed out that, “China is a socialist country of people’s democratic dictatorship under the leadership of the working class based on an alliance of workers and farmers. Intellectuals are part of the working class, the working people are the runners of the country, and young people are the successors of the socialist cause with Chinese characteristics, the future of the country and the hope of the nation. To complete a moderately prosperous society in all respects and then move on to build China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious, and achieve the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must rely on knowledge, on labor, and on the youth. The intellectuals, the working people and the youth should keep pace with the times, shoulder the mission, forge ahead, link their own future with the future of the country and the nation, and strive to contribute their wisdom and strength to completing g a moderately prosperous society in all aspects.”

“Standing with the People Is the Fundamental Political Position of the Communist Party of China” is part of a speech made at the ceremony celebrating the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China on July 1, 2016. It is pointed out that, “Standing on the people’s side represents the fundamental political stance of the CPC, and it is what distinguishes a Marxist political party from other political parties. Let us stay true to our original aspiration and continue marching forward. We need to believe that the Party is rooted in the people, and that the power of the Party comes from the people. We should insist that everything is for the people, rely on the people, give full play to the people’s enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, and push forward the cause of benefiting the people. Respecting the principal position of the people and guaranteeing their status as runners of the nation is the consistent position of our Party, we should unswervingly follow the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics. We should adhere to, fully implement and constantly develop the people’s congress system, multiparty cooperation, and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC. We should enhance the system of regional ethnic autonomy and the system of grassroots self-governance, develop socialist consultative democracy, consolidate and develop the broadest patriotic United Front, and expand people’s political participation. We should do all this in order to make sure that people take full part in national governance and social governance, and push for a nationwide liveliness, stability and unity.” 

“Safeguarding the People’s Right to Vote and to Be Elected” was the gist of a speech made on November 15, 2016, when voting in the election of deputies to the Beijing Municipal People’s Congress. It is pointed out that, “In election work, we should adhere to the leadership of the Party, uphold democracy, work strictly in accordance with the law, and safeguard the people’s right to elect and be elected. We should strengthen the supervision of the election work, maintain a ‘zero tolerance’ attitude toward the violation of discipline and illegal issues to ensure that the election work is fair and just.”

“Safeguarding the Authority of the Party Central Committee and Implementing Democratic Centralism” was part of a speech made at a study session of provincial and ministerial level officials on implementing the guiding principles from the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on February 13, 2017. It is pointed out that, “Only with authority can the CPC Central Committee pool the strength of all Party members and unite the whole Party and the whole nation, bringing into being an invincible force of the same aspiration. To maintain the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership, we do not mean to do without democratic centralism; the two cannot be regarded mutually contradictory. Our democratic centralism is a system in which we have both centralism and democracy, both discipline and freedom, both unity of will and personal ease of mind. It is a system that integrates democracy and centralism.”

“Intellectuals in China Should Have the Big Picture in Mind” is the gist of a speech made on March 4, 2017, at a joint meeting of members of the China Democratic National Construction Association, the Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party and the Jiu San Society at the Fifth Session of the 12th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. It is pointed out that, “The great cause determines that we need knowledge and intellectuals more, and intellectuals are needed to contribute more to the country’s prosperity, national revitalization and people’s happiness. The whole of society should care about intellectuals and respect them, and create better conditions for their work and study. We hope that intellectuals in China will put the country, the nation and the people before everything else, actively participate in the practice of innovation and development, and constantly scale new heights.”

“Improving the System of Institutions through Which the People Run the Country and Developing Socialist Democracy” is part of the political report at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on October 18, 2017. It is pointed out that, “China’s socialist democracy is the broadest, most genuine, and most effective democracy to safeguard the fundamental interests of the people. The very purpose of developing socialist democracy is to give full expression to the will of the people, protect their rights and interests, spark their creativity, and provide systemic and institutional guarantees to ensure the people run the country. We must uphold long term and steadily strengthen China’s socialist democracy, make active and prudent efforts to advance the reform of the political system, and improve the institutions, standards, and procedures of socialist democracy. We should ensure that people participate, in accordance with law and in various ways and forms, in the management of state, economic, cultural, and social affairs, and consolidate and enhance political stability, unity, and vitality. We will expand the people’s orderly political participation to see that in accordance with law they engage in democratic elections, consultations, decision-making, management, and oversight.”

“Create a New Rural Governance System and Keep the Road to Good Governance in the Countryside” is part of a speech at the Central Rural Work Conference on December 28, 2017. It is pointed out that, “It is necessary to strengthen and innovate rural governance, and improve the rural governance system combining autonomy, rule of law and moral governance, so that rural society is both vibrant and harmonious and orderly. We should ensure that the leads the overall situation, create new effective forms of villagers’ autonomy, and shift the focus of social governance and services to the community level. We should enrich the forms of grassroots democratic consultation and give play to the role of villagers in oversight, so that the farmers themselves ‘discuss, deliberate and decide things’ and discuss how village affairs should be handled.”

“The Power in the People’s Republic of China Belongs to the People” is part of a speech at the second plenary assembly of the Second Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee on January 19, 2018. It is pointed out that, “The Constitution stipulates, ‘All power in the People’s Republic of China belongs to the people. The organs through which the people exercise state power are the National People’s Congress and the local people’s congresses at all levels.’ The system of people’s congresses is the fundamental political system of China. We should support and ensure that the people exercise state power through the people’s congresses, transform the Party’s line, principles and policies into national laws through legal procedures, and promote the implementation of the Constitution through a complete set of laws.”

“Note to the Draft Decision and Draft Program on Further Reform of Party and State Institution” is a note made at the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee on February 26, 2018. It is pointed out that, “This further reform of institution is a systematic, holistic and reconstructive change, and is a more comprehensive, thorough and feasible top-level design for reform. The purpose of further reform of Party and state institutions is to better develop the causes of the Party and the state, meet the expectation of the people for a better life, and promote the well-rounded personal development, comprehensive social progress, and common prosperity of the people. We must ensure the principal status of the people, improve the system through which the people are the runners of the country, and improve the systems and mechanisms for bringing benefits to the people, serving them, addressing their concerns, protecting their rights and interests, and accepting their supervision, so as to provide a stronger guarantee for the people to manage both state affairs and social, economic and cultural affairs.” 

“We Must Align Ourselves with the Guiding Principles from the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee” is part of a speech at the second plenary assembly of the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee on February 28, 2018. It is pointed out that, “To implement the guiding principles from the Plenary Session, we must be clear on the fundamental issue of upholding the authority and the centralized, unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee; we must understand the goal of further reform of Party and state institutions; we must understand the direction and requirement of the reform of the socialist market economy and see to it that the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation and that the government plays its role more effectively; we must understand the people-centered philosophy of development and address the most pressing and immediate problems that concern the people the most; and we must understand the importance of keeping both central and local authorities motivated.

“Speech at the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress” is a speech made on March 20, 2018. It is pointed out that, “The Chinese people are highly creative. The Chinese people are people with a great spirit of endeavor. The Chinese people are people with a great spirit of unity. The Chinese people are people with a great spirit of dreams. We must base our efforts on the interests of the people and ensure the principal status of the people. We must ensure that the basic criterion of our work is whether we have the people’s support, acceptance, satisfaction and approval. We must focus our efforts on addressing the most pressing, immediate issues that concern the people the most. We must also ensure that all Chinese people share the happiness and pride stemming from the historic course of national rejuvenation.”

“Youths Are the Hope and Future of Our Country” is part of a speech made  at a ceremony commemorating the centenary of the May 4th Movement on April 30, 2019. It is pointed out that, “In the new era, the theme and direction of the Chinese youth movement and the mission of Chinese youths are to uphold the leadership of the CPC, and work along with other people to realize the Two Centenary Goals[1] and the Chinese Dream of National Rejuvenation. In this new era, youths should continue to carry forward the spirit of the May 4th Movement and take on your mission to realize national rejuvenation. They should meet the expectations of our Party and our people, be worthy of the trust of the nation, and live up to the demands of this great era.”

“Speech at the Central Conference on the CPPCC’s Work Marking the 70th Anniversary of the Organization” is a speech made on September 20, 2019. It is pointed out that, “Consultative democracy is an important mechanism through which the Party can lead the people in effectively governing the country and ensure that the people are the runners of the country. In the current era, the overall requirements for strengthening and improving the work of the CPPCC are: 

  enhance the Four Consciousnesses, bolster the Four-sphere Confidence, and remain committed to the Two Upholds under the guidance of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; 

  make upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics the goal of consolidating the common theoretical and political foundation, make serving the Two Centenary Goals its main focus, and take strengthening theoretical and political guidance and building extensive consensus as the central task; 

  champion the two major themes of unity and democracy and forge effective consensus by enhancing the CPPCC’s capacity for political consultation, democratic scrutiny, and participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs; 

  shoulder the political responsibility of carrying out the CPC Central Committee’s decisions as well as its requirements for the CPPCC, and bring together the wisdom and strength of the Chinese people at home and abroad; and 

  contribute to the initiatives of securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and of making all-round efforts to build a great modern socialist country.”

“Speech at a National Awards Ceremony for Fostering Ethnic Solidarity and Progress” is a speech made on September 27, 2019. It is pointed out that, “Our Party has blazed a correct path of solving ethnic issues with Chinese characteristics. It has made ethnic equality one of the fundamental principles of statehood, and for the first time in history, people of all ethnic groups have truly gained equal political rights and become runners of the country together. To realize the the Chinese Dream of National Rejuvenation, we must focus on heightening a sense of identity of the Chinese nation, take the cause of ethnic solidarity and progress as a fundamental task and ensure that the Chinese nation becomes a more inclusive and cohesive community.”

“Uphold and Improve the Socialist System with Chinese Characteristics and Modernize the System and Capacity for National Governance” is part of a speech made at the second plenary assembly of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee on October 31, 2019. It is pointed out that, “The essential attribute of our state and governance systems is that they always represent the fundamental interests of the people, safeguard the people’s status as runners of the country, reflect the people’s common will, and protect the people’s legitimate rights and interests. This is precisely why the operation of the systems in our country is so effective and dynamic. We must uphold and consolidate our tried and tested systems, and improve and develop them, so as to transform their strengths into efficient state governance.”

“People’s Democracy Is a Whole-Process Democracy” is an excerpt from two speeches made on November 2, 2019 and July 1, 2021. It is pointed out that, “People’s democracy is a  whole-process democracy, and all major legislative decisions are made in accordance with procedures, after democratic gestation, and through scientific and democratic decision-making. On the journey ahead, we must rely closely on the people to create history, practice a people-centered philosophy of development, develop whole-process people’s democracy, and make more notable and substantive progress toward achieving well-rounded human development and common prosperity for all.”

“Put the People above Everything Else” is the main part of a speech made on May 22, 2020, during the  deliberations of the Inner Mongolia delegation at the Third Session of the 13th National People’s Congress. It is pointed out that, “The Communist Party of China has its roots  and  bloodline in the people. The fundamental purpose of our party uniting  and leading the people in carrying out revolution, construction, and reform is to let the people live a good life. No matter how much challenge and pressure we face, no matter how much sacrifice and cost we suffer, we will never waver on this. We should put the people above everything else, rely closely on them, constantly benefit the them  people, and become firmly rooted in them. We must implement the development philosophy that puts the people above everything else in all decisions, plans and practical work.”

 “This Country Is Its People; the People Are the Country” is part of a speech made at a mobilization meeting for Party history study and education on February 20, 2021. It was pointed out that, “Living  for the people and revitalizing the people, always staying with the people, and struggling for their interests is the fundamental both the starting point and the ultimate goal of the Party in strengthening itself. We should educate and guide the whole party in deeply understanding the purpose and nature of the Party, staying committed to doing everything for the people, relying on the people in everything they do, always keeping the people at the forefront of their minds, making the aspirations of the people to live a better life the focus of our efforts, seeing that the gains of reform and development benefit all our people in a fair way, and ensuring that he 1.4 billion Chinese people become a majestic force to promote the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.”

“Uniting with and Leading the Chinese People in Writing the Most Magnificent Epic in the Chinese National’s Thousands of Years of History” is part of a speech made  at a ceremony celebrating the centenary of the Communist Party of China on July 1, 2021. It is pointed out that, “Since the very day of its founding, the Party has made seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation its aspiration and mission. All the struggle, sacrifice, and creation through which the Party has united and led the Chinese people over the past hundred years has been tied together by one ultimate theme—bringing about the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. To realize national rejuvenation, the Party united and led the Chinese people in fighting bloody battles with unyielding determination, achieving great success in the new-democratic revolution; in socialist revolution and construction;  in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization; and for socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. China’s national rejuvenation has become a historical inevitability.  The great path we have pioneered, the great cause we have undertaken, and the great achievements we have made over the past century will go down in the annals of the development of the Chinese nation and of human civilization.

“Focus on Heightening a Sense of Identity of the Chinese Nation and    Promote the High-Quality Development of the Party’s Work on  Ethnic Affairs in the New Era” is the gist of the speech at the Central Conference on Ethnic Affairs on August 27, 2021. It is pointed out that, “It is necessary to accurately grasp and fully implement our Party’s important ideas on strengthening and improving work on ethnic affairs. We should focus on heightening a sense of identity of the Chinese nation, and take correct approaches to addressing ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics. We should build a cultural home shared by all Chinese  ethnic groups and enhance communication and integration between them. We should   see areas with large ethnic minority populations speed up the pace of modernization and enhance the rule of law in ethnic affairs governance. We should prevent and resolve ethnic risks and promote the high-quality development of the Party’s work on ethnic affairs in the new era. Heightening a sense of identity of the Chinese nation is the key link of the Party’s work on ethnic affairs in the new era, and all other work should contribute to it.”

“Adhering to and Improving the System of People’s Congresses and Constantly  Developing Whole-Process People’s Democracy” is the main point of a speech made at the Central Conference on the People’s Congresses on October 13, 2021. It is pointed out that, “The system of people’s congresses, ensuring that all power of the state belongs to the people, guaranteeing  to the maximum extent that the people are runners of the country, maintaining unity between Party leadership, the people’s position as runners of the country, and law-based governance, and effectively ensuring national governance avoids the historical cycle of rise and fall  is an important institutional vehicle for realizing whole-process people’s democracy in China. Our whole-process people’s democracy not only has complete institutional procedures, but has also complete participation practices, integrating process democracy with result democracy, procedural democracy with substantive democracy, direct democracy with indirect democracy, and  people’s democracy with the will of the state, so it is is a full-chain, all-around and full-coverage democracy, and the most extensive, genuine and effective socialist democracy. We should continue to promote the development of whole-process people’s democracy, and embody the people’s position as runners of the country concretely and realistically in the Party’s policies and measures for national governance, in the work of the Party and state organs at all levels in all respects, and in the work of realizing the people’s aspirations for a better life.”

The Two Centenary Goals are to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the Communist Party of China in 2021 and to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, harmonious, and beautiful by the centenary of the People’s Republic of China in 2049.